The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is common in healthy people as well for patients, but lacks in different consistent mechanism and quality control measures. BIA can be used to measure the fat-free mass (FFM) and total water (TBW) in the matter without considerable fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in the case when appropriate population, age or pathologically specific BIA equations and established procedures are employed. The utilization of basic BIA measurements without relying on the use of regression prediction models and assumptions of the chemical composition of the fat-free body provides a new option for the actual assessment and clinical assessment of nutritional position and prognosis in hospitalized and elderly people. It may help improve patient care and clinical outcomes. Therefore by considering all these points, a survey is provided in this paper. The general description of BIA, types and their application used to determine FFM is demonstrated.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Single frequency, multiple frequencies, FFM

[1] U. G. Kyle, I. Bosaeuset al., “Bioelectrical impedance analysis—part II: utilization in clinical practice,” Clinical nutrition, Vol.23, Issue 6, pp.1430-1453, 2004.
[2] I. Janssen, S. B. Heymsfield, R. N. Baumgartner, & R. Ross , “Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis,” Journal of applied physiology, Vol. 89, Issue 2, pp.465-471, 2000.
[3] R. F. Kushner, R. Gudivaka, & D. A. Schoeller, “Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements,” The American journal of clinical nutrition, Vol. 64, Issue 3, pp. 423S-427, 1996.
[4] M. C. G. Barbosa-Silva, A. J. Barros, J. Wang, S. B. Heymsfield, “Bioelectrical impedance analysis: population reference values for phase angle by age and sex–.,”The American journal of clinical nutrition, Vol. 82, Issue.1, pp.49-52, 2005
[5] U. G. Kyle, L. Genton, L. Karsegard, D. O. Slosman, & C. Pichard, “Single prediction equation for bioelectrical impedance analysis in adults aged 20–94 years,” Nutrition, Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp.248-253, 2001.
[6] U. G. Kyle, I. Bosaeus, A. D. De Lorenzo, P. Deurenberg, M. Elia, “Bioelec,” Clinical nutrition, Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp.1226-1243, 2004.
[7] M. C. G. Barbosa-Silva, & A. J. Barros, “Bioelectrical impedance analysis in clinical practice: a new perspective on its use beyond body composition equations,” Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp.311-317, 2005.
[8] R. F. Kushner , “Bioelectrical impedance analysis: a review of principles and applications,” J Am Coll Nutr, Vol. 11, Issue 2, pp.199-209, 1992.
[9] B. H. Cornish, B. J. Thomas, & L. C. Ward, “Improved prediction of extracellular and total body water using impedance loci generated by multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis,” Physics in Medicine & Biology, Vol. 38, Issue 3, pp.337, 1993.
[10] K. R. Segal, S. Burastero, A. Chun, P. Coronel, R. N. Pierson Jr, & J. Wang, “Estimation of extracellular and total body water by multiple-frequency bioelectrical-impedance measurement,” The American journal of clinical nutrition, Vol. 54, Issue 1, pp.26-29, 1991.
[11] H., Kværner, A. S.Ræder, C. Henriksen, G. Florholmen, H. B. Henriksen, “Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in estimation of fat-free mass in colorectal cancer patients,” Clinical Nutrition, Vol.37, No.1, pp.292-300, 2018.
[12] H. Aleman-Mateo, E. Rush, J. Esparza-Romero, E. Ferriolli, M. Ramirez-Zea, A. Bour, “Prediction of fat-free mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis in older adults from developing countries: a cross-validation study using the deuterium dilution method,” The journal of nutrition, health & aging, Vol.14, Issue 6, pp. 418-426, 2010.
[13] C. O`brien, A. J. Young, & M. N. Sawka, “Bioelectrical impedance to estimate changes in hydration status,” International journal of sports medicine, Vol. 23, Issue 5, pp.361-366, 2002.
[14] KJ Ellis, SJ Bell, GM Chertow, et al. ,”Bioelectrical impedance methods in clinical research: a follow-up to the NIH Technology Assessment Conference,” Nutrition Vol.15, pp.874–80, 1999.
[15] H. C. Lukaski, U. G. Kyle, & J. Kondrup, “Assessment of adult malnutrition and prognosis with bioelectrical impedance analysis: phase angle and impedance ratio,” Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp.330-339, 2017.
[16] L. Genton, F. R. Herrmann, A. Spörri, & C. E. Graf , “Association of mortality and phase angle measured by different bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices,” Clinical nutrition, Vol 37, Issue3, pp.1066-1069, 2018.
[17] M. Sowers, H. Zheng, K. Tomey, C. Karvonen-Gutierrez, M., Li, X. Jannausch, “Changes in body composition in women over six years at midlife: ovarian and chronological aging,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol.92, Issue3, pp.895-901, 2007.
[18] K. J. Shafer, W. A. Siders, L. K. Johnson, & H. C. Lukaski, , “Validity of segmental multiple-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate body composition of adults across a range of body mass indexes,” Nutrition, Vol.25, Issue1, pp.25-32, 2009.
[19] M. Hulens, G. Vansant, R. Lysens, A. L. Claessens, & E. Muls, “Exercise capacity in lean versus obese women,” Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, Vol. 11, Issue 5, pp. 305-309, 2001.