The challenging task of wireless sensor network is to increase the lifetime of the network as they are equipped with critical battery power. Many protocols were proposed to efficiently use the battery power to extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. For optimizing the battery power of the sensor network, various energy efficient routing strategies are applied. In this paper, we studied and reviewed popular routing protocols LEACH, DEEC, DDEEC, EDEEC and EDDEEC as they use their own algorithm for energy efficiency. They use probability based cluster head selection, as a result, the nodes having low battery power may be selected as cluster head and the nodes having high battery power may not be selected as cluster head. This creates unbalancing condition in wireless sensor network for network lifetime enhancement point of view. Also, there are no observation on current energy level of the sensor nodes. To address this limitation, we proposed energy level estimated reactive clustering routing (ELERCR) algorithm in wireless sensor network which uses the concepts of energy level observation of nodes of cluster head selection. ELERCR uses ratio of current energy to initial energy for selection of cluster head in wireless sensor network. Simulation result shows that performance of our protocol gives significant energy efficiency and more network lifetime compared to other protocols.

Wireless Sensor Networks, Clustering, Energy Efficiency, Stable Election, Network Lifetime

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