— According to the International Biometric Group, the term Biometric is defined as “Automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to identify and verify identity. Every individual has his/her own characteristics. The face scan, fingerprint, palm print, foot print, iris, hand scan, retinal scan, androgenic hair and DNA comes under the category of physiological characteristics. The behavioral characteristics such as voice scan, keystroke scan, gait and signature scans are better parameters. Face recognition is one of the fastest growing, emerging and interesting areas in the field of biometrics for real time applications such as image processing and film processing. This requires computational models to identify and verify the human face images. Human brain can easily detect the face but it is very difficult for computer to recognize the facial image. A lot of research work has been carried out on various algorithms for recognizing the face from past two decades. This paper provides the fundamentals of face recognition system including major components namely face detection, tracking, alignment and feature extraction. The technical issues and challenges for building a face recognition system are clearly addressed. It also provides the comparative review on existing models of face recognition. In addition to this, the applications of face recognition system are addressed to motivate the researchers for developing the novel face recognition models.

Biometrics, Authentication, Face recognition, Biometric, Physiological, Behavioral, Signature and Keystroke

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