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The mobile ad hoc network, security has been active research topic but due to self-configuring characteristics of mobile ad hoc network there are numerous like shared wireless medium with open network design, limited resources, dynamic network topology and many more that hinder to maintain the security of the wireless network. Because of MANET’s properties like infrastructure-less and self-configuring, there are more risks for trusted nodes to be compromised and start attack on networks. It is hard to recognize between stale routing and faked routing data on account of node mobility system. In node mobility mechanism it authorizes frequent networking reconfiguration which makes more risks for attacks. Due to limited power consumption and computation capability mobile devices are helpless against the blackhole and grey hole attack as they are inadequate to run security algorithms which require high computations like public key algorithms. In this problem consider as a propose system the power and delay optimization protocol may be integrated to improve the performance of the network. The delay aware hash-based message authentication code (D-HMAC) used to secure the packet sending between source to destination without greyhole and blackhole attacks. The experimental result using NS2 simulation the proposed algorithm achieves better performance and attack detection accuracy than the existing trust level methods.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network, Security Issues, Routing Protocols, Attacks

[1] Weimin Wen,et al., "EAPC: Energy-Aware Path Construction for Data Collection Using Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Networks" IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, VOL. 18, NO. 2, JANUARY 15, 2018
[2] Ying Liu et al., "Secure Distributed Estimation over Wireless Sensor Networks under Attacks" IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems ( Volume: 54 , Issue: 4 , Aug. 2018 )
[3] Shoubai Xiao "Security Analysis and Application of Common Dynamic Routing Protocol", 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Society (EMCS 2017)
[4] Mandeep Kaur Gulati "Stable Energy efficient QoS based Congestion and Delay aware Routing (SEQCDR) Protocol forMANETs" 2015 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP) 2-4 April 2015
[5] Shiva Shankar "Importance of on-demand modified power aware dynamic source routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks" IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation ( Volume: 8 , Issue: 7 , May 14 2014 )
[6] Shivashankar "Implementing a new power aware routing algorithm based on existing dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks", IET Networks ( Volume: 3 , Issue: 2 , June 2014 )
[7] Mueen Uddin "Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for Mobile ad-hoc Network Using the Fitness Function" IEEE Access ( Volume: 5 ) 24 May 2017.
[8] A.Siddiqua, S.Kotari, and AAKhan Mohammed. “Preventing black hole attacks in MANETs using secure knowledge algorithm”, Signal Processing and Communication Engineering Systems (SPACES), 2015 International Conferenceon. IEEE, 2015.
[9] N.Choudhary and L.Tharani. “Preventing black Hole attack in AODV using timer-based detection mechanism”, Signal processing and communication engineering systems (SPACES), 015 international conferenceon. IEEE,2015.
[10] AK Jain and V Tokekar. “Mitigating the effects of Black hole attacks on AODV routing protocol in Mobile adhoc Networks”, Pervasive computing (ICPC), 2015 international conference on. IEEE, 2015

K. Sumathi, D. Vimal Kumar, "Manet Security and Attacks Issues, Challenges & Solutions," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.433-437, 2019.

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolution has also impacted Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and due to which, the WSNs are being increasingly coupled with IP network. The security issues which are prevalent in the IP network have to be addressed by these IoT based WSNs. Recently, in the literature, encryption of data packets through 3 Data Encryption Standard (3DES) technique was presented to cater data packet encryption requirements in IoT based WSNs. However, this encryption technique is impractical for WSNs because the sensor nodes operate with limited energy reserves, and 3DES technique is computationally expensive technique. The main open issue is to perform 3DES data packet encryption by incurring limited energy expenditure. To address this open issue, in this paper, a new 3DES data packet encryption scheme denoted as Neighbor Node Cooperation (NNC) scheme is presented. In the NNC scheme, the encryption load of the source node is distributed among its neighbor nodes. Selection of the most suitable neighbor nodes for the NNC scheme is modeled as an optimization problem, which is shown to have non-polynomial complexity. Hence, this optimization problem is approximately solved using randomized algorithm. The formal performance bounds of the randomized algorithm are outlined. The proposed encryption scheme is simulated and compared against the contemporary technique presented in the literature. In the outlined simulation study, the proposed encryption technique significantly outperforms the contemporary technique WRT incurred energy expenditure for data packet encryption.

WSN, 3DES, Encryption, IoT

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V.Gayathri, Y.S. Kumarswamy, "Energy Efficient Encryption Scheme for Integrating Wireless Sensor Networks with Internet," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.438-448, 2019.

The rise in crimes and the use of firearms necessitate ballistic and forensic science laboratories worldwide to come up with quick and accurate solutions. The identification process of firearms is a complex yet very sensitive and vital step in evidence examination in the process of crime investigation. The use of modern techniques like image processing and pattern recognition can contribute to increase the accuracy as well as reduce the time in the process of identification. Manually, many features of a spent bullet of a firearm are investigated for this purpose, striations being an important one of them. The aim of the study is to automatically segment out the striations present in a fired bullet through image processing and segmentation techniques, which is a real challenge as these marks are very fine. For the study, images of two fired bullets of .22 in. caliber rimfire cartridge, fired from one and the same firearm (semi-automatic pistol) were considered for the preliminary study. Experimental results show that proposed techniques can be efficiently used for firearm identification through digitizing and analyzing the fired bullets specimens. The visual comparison reveals that the Fuzzy C Means technique gives the clearest segmented result of the striations. This could be of great use in the future as it is a time-saving process. This can be of great help in feature identification, vis-à-vis manual searching of the feature under a comparison microscope for identification of the firearm.

Ballistic, Firearm identification, Striations, Segmentation

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Lipi B Mahanta, Kangkana Bora, Rahul Kumar, Shauvik Purkayastha, R Suresh, "A pilot study on image processing methods for segmentation of striations in fired bullets," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.449-455, 2019.

Drivers United Nations agency don`t take regular breaks once driving long distances run a high risk of turning into drowsy a state that they usually fail to acknowledge early enough according to the experts. Both driver somnolence and distraction, however, might need identical effects, i.e., shriveled driving performance, longer response time, associated a redoubled risk of crash involvement. Driving may be a complicated task wherever the motive force is accountable of observance the road, taking the correct decision on time and finally responding to other driver`s actions and different road conditions. A Studies show that around one quarter of all serious motorway accidents is attributable to sleepy drivers in need of a rest, meaning that drowsiness causes more road accidents than drink-driving. Attention assist will warn of inattentiveness associated somnolence in an extended speed vary and apprize drivers of their current state of fatigue.

Face Detection, Mouth Detection and Yawning Detection

[1] Abhi R. Varma. Pravara, Loni Seema V. Arote. Pravara Bharti
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[2] Ankita Shah, Ankita Kumari,SonakaKukreja, Pooja Shinde
“Yawning Detection of Driver Drowsiness”
[3] Arturo de la Escalera, José María Armingol, Marco Javier Flores

“Real-Time Drowsiness Detection System for an Intelligent Vehicle”
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“Real-Time Drowsiness Detection System for an Intelligent Vehicle”
[6] Durgaa Chandrakala E, Fathima Nazlunsithara R,
Saraswathi
“Proactive Integrated Detection of Eye Blinking & Yawning to identify Sleepy Driver and Alert based Auto-Braking System for Speed Control”
[7] Eddie E. Galarza, Fabricio D. Egas, Franklin M. Silva,
Paola M. Velasco, Eddie D. Galarza
“Real Time Driver Drowsiness Detection Based on Driver’s Face Image Behavior Using a System of Human Computer Interaction Implemented in a Smartphone”
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“Road Accidents Prevention system using Driver’s Drowsiness Detection”
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“Various Methods for Driver Drowsiness Detection : An Overview”
[11] Jesus Nuevo, Luis M. Bergasa ,Miguel A. Sotelo Manuel Vhzquez
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A. Mohanapriya, N. Saranya , S.P. Kavya , R. Deepak , M. Mahitha ,G. Gobi, "Accident Prevention and Detection System Using Image Processing and IoT," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.456-460, 2019.

The cloud based systems offer Software as a Service (SaaS). This provides users a standard, robust, scalable & affordable software which they can access anytime from anywhere. The whole software may be composed of many small services which can be provided by different collaborating cloud service providers. The Service represents a software component that has the potential of reuse. In secured systems, Access Control Mechanism is very frequently used to restrict information flow to unauthorized users. Access Control Mechanism can be provided as a service so that it can be integrated with Software as a Service application. An Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) mechanism is fine-grained, dynamic & scalable method to control access of the resources. A comprehensive policy can be deployed to specify access control rules. Policy Machine architecture can be used for policy specification and enforcement. Here we present an XML based framework to provide ABAC mechanism as a service based on Policy Machine architecture.

Access Control, Attribute Based Access Control, Service, Service Oriented Architecture, Policy Machine, XML

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Vibha Bhardwaj, Sushil Sharma, "An XML Based Framework For ABAC As A Service Based On Policy Machine Architecture," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.461-469, 2019.

Web Services is a software function that client-server model uses to exchange information. SOAP is a protocol in Web Services for exchanging information based on XML format. It sends information in form of XML messages from the server as the producer to the client that consumes the message via HTTP. But parsing XML verbose format message always cost processing time in the memory and lacks bandwidth utilization and this incurs latency in the communication. UML notations were used to model the interactions among the objects and the elements of the Web services. Data compression process is introduced into the model to depict the compression/decompression of the SOAP messages at the endpoints. The modelling utilized use-case, activity and sequence diagrams for the analysis, while class and component diagrams were used for the design. The modelling of this compressed messaging for SOAP exchange will be useful to researchers and developers of data-centric application in distributed system environment.

Distributed systems, Unified Modeling, Client-server, Web services, XML, HTTP, SOAP, Data compression

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Ali B. Dauda, Baba S. Ahmed, Abubakar A. Idris, Audu M. Mabu, Iliyas I. Iliyas, "Unified Modelling Language (UML) Model for Compressed Message Exchange," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.470-475, 2019.

Deep learning methods are good in achieving success while dealing with the computer vision and face recognition problems. In deep learning, convolutional neural network is a step head while comparing with other methods. Till now face recognition has done with large dataset to learn face representations, which has low efficiency because of the large dataset. The proposed convolutional neural networks fringe deep learning neural networks to learn face representations from small data set. This system consists of four layers convolution, ReLu, pooling and fully connected layers. Here the training set has to be synthesized and augmented then make the data set double in size for efficient power of generalizing the data with convolutional neural network.

Deep learning, face recognition, small dataset, small training dataset, augmented dataset, synthesized data, convolution neural networks

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[7] J. Papon and M. Schoeler. “Semantic pose using deep networks trained on synthetic rgb-d,” arXiv:1508.00835, 2015.
[8] G. Hu, Y. Yang, D. Yi, J. Kittler, W. J. Christmas, S. Z. Li, and T. M. Hospedales, “When face recognition meets with deep learning: an evaluation of convolutional neural networks for face recognition,” CoRR, abs/1504.02351, 2015.
[9] Umme Aiman, Virendra P. Vishwakarma “Face Recognition using Modified Deep Learning Neural Network,” 8th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, pp. 3-5, July 2017.

Kuppili Rakesh, Marepalli Kamala Kumari, "Measuring The Accuracy of The Facial Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks in Deep Learning," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.476-480, 2019.

E-Content generally requires media components like Graphics/Video in addition to Texts. Independent Learning objects of different sizes having different media components may be alternatives to traditional single large e-content file. The main objective of this paper work is to optimize the load harmonization using media parameters based on grid process running time. This Proposed work is classified into four categories such as estimating grid process running time, harmonization while loading, clustering the media parameters based on instructional and media parameters and processing to optimize the load balancing. The main goal is to load the same shareable media object for the massive user on a particular time using harmonization and clustering. This proposed work produces less grid process running time for the same media object even if the number of the user is larger at the same time.

Harmonization, Victimization, Clustering, Optimization

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[13]Selvi, K,“An Enhanced GridwayMetascheduler for Heterogeneous Grid Using Trust and Reputation”, Ph.D. dissertation, Anna University, Chennai, India, 2012.
[15] Kaladevi, “Load Balance Optimization in Learning Grids Through Semantic Matching for E-Contents”, Ph.D. dissertation, Anna University, Chennai, India, 2013.
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G. Manoharan, K. Nirmala, "Load Harmonization Using Media Parameters in Massive Clusters of Learning Grids," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.481-485, 2019.

today web mining is a testing assignment in association. Each association produced immense measure of information from different source. Log documents are kept up by the web server. The testing undertaking for E-trade organizations is to know their client conduct to enhance the business by breaking down web log records. Internet business site can produce several peta bytes of date in their web log documents. The investigation of log documents is utilized for learning the client conduct in E-trade framework. The examination of such substantial web log documents requires parallel handling and dependable information stockpiling framework. The Hadoop structure gives solid stockpiling by Hadoop Distributed File System and parallel handling framework for huge database utilizing MapReduce programming model. These components help to process log information in parallel way and figures results productively.

Hadoop, MapReduce, Web Log, E-trade, frequent item set mining

[1] Malhotra, Dheeraj, and O. P. Rishi. "An intelligent approach to design of E-Commerce metasearch and ranking system using next-generation big data analytics." Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences (2018).
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[3] Prasad, HR Manjunath. "Revamped Market-Basket Analysis using In-Memory Computation framework." Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), 2017 11th International Conference on. IEEE, 2017.
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[5] Apache Hadoop : ht!p:/lhadoop.apache.org
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[7] Malhotra, D., Malhotra, M., Rishi, O.P., 2017. An Innovative Approach of Web Page Ranking Using Hadoop- and Map Reduce-Based Cloud Framework. In: Proceedings of Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 654, CSI, Springer, pp. 421–427.
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[13] Jiawei Han. 2005. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Sapna Bhavsar, Pooja Shah, Tushar Trambadiya, "A Survey on E-Commerce Log Analysis Using Hadoop," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.486-489, 2019.

Analysis of Protocol is of prime importance in order to optimize its performance. Performance metrics are useful parameters for analyzing the performance of any routing protocol in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). It is generally observed during the simulation of protocols in MANETs that one protocol may performs better with respect to one performance metric as compared to another protocol but its performance may weaken with respect to another performance metric when compared with same protocol. Hence there is a need to evaluate a protocol using a cumulative performance value. This cumulative value for a protocol can be calculated by providing due weightage to different factors based on its performance in various metrics. In this paper a cumulative metric has been proposed. Based on the value of this metric, the overall performance of a protocol can be analyzed and can also be compared to the other protocols.

Protocol, MANET, Metric, Uni-path, Multipath, Simulation

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[6]Ha Duyen Trung, Watit Benjapolakul, and Phan Minh Duc, "Performance evaluation and comparison of different ad hoc routing protocols," in Computer Communication 30, 2007, pp. 2478–2496.
[7]C. E. Perkins, E. M. Royer, S. R. Das, and M. K. Marina, "Performance Comparison of Two On-Demand Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks," IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 16-28, February 2001.
[8]J. Broch, D. B. Johnson, and D. A. Maltz, "The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks," Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-manet-dsr-01.txt 1998.
[9]A. A. Chavan, Prof. D. S. Kurule, and Prof. P. U. Dere, "Performance Analysis of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocol in MANET and Modifications in AODV against Black Hole Attack," in Procedia Computer Science, 2016, pp. 835 – 844.
[10]S Gowrishankar, Subir Kumar Sarkar, and T.G. Basavaraju, "Performance Analysis of AODV, AODVUU, AOMDV and RAODV over IEEE 802.15.4 in Wireless Sensor Networks," in 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, 2009, pp. 59-63.

Jaideep Atri, Shuchita Upadhyaya, "Analysing Collective Effect of Metrics on MANET Routing Protocols," International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.490-494, 2019.